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German Personal Pronouns: Ich, Du, Er, Sie, Es & More

das Personalpronomen
Before this lesson: make sure you've covered Pronouns first.

Personal pronouns are the words for "I, you, he, she, it, we, you all, they". German also makes an important distinction English doesn't: a formal way of saying "you" for strangers, older people, and professional situations.

Examples

GermanEnglish
ichI
duyou (informal, one person)
er / sie / eshe / she / it
wirwe
ihryou all (informal, plural)
sie / Siethey / you (formal)
Memory trick: "Sie" (formal you) is ALWAYS capitalized, even mid-sentence — that's the only way to tell it apart from "sie" (she/they) in writing.
⚠ Common mistake: Start formal (Sie) with strangers, officials, and older people. Only switch to "du" once invited to, or with friends, family, and classmates your own age.

🎯 Quick check

Which word is always capitalized, even in the middle of a sentence?

Related topics

PronounsVerbs
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